U.S. rifle, caliber .30, M1 | |
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M1 Garand rifle from the collection of the Swedish Army Museum, Stockholm, Sweden | |
Type | Semi-automatic rifle |
Place of origin | United States |
Service history | |
In service | 1936–1959 (as the standard U.S. service rifle) 1940s–present (other countries) |
Used by | See Users |
Wars |
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Production history | |
Designer | John C. Garand |
Designed | 1928 |
Manufacturer |
|
Unit cost | About $85 (during World War II) $ 1230 current equivalent |
Produced | 1934—1957 |
No. built | 5,468,772[11] |
Variants | M1C, M1D |
Specifications | |
Mass | 9.5 lb (4.31 kg) to 11.6 lb (5.3 kg) |
Length | 43.5 in (1,100 mm) |
Barrel length | 24 in (609.6 mm) |
Cartridge |
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Action | Gas-operated, rotating bolt |
Rate of fire | 40–50 rounds/min |
Muzzle velocity | 2,800 ft/s (853 m/s) |
Effective firing range | 500 yd (457 m)[12] |
Feed system | 8-round en-bloc clip, internal magazine |
Sights |
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U.S. Army designation | U.S. Navy designation | Description |
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T1 | N/A | Prototype |
T1E1 | N/A | A single trial rifle that broke its bolt in the 1931 trial |
T1E2 | N/A | Trial designation for gas-trap Garand. Basically a T1E1 with a new bolt. |
M1 | N/A | Basic model. Identical to T1E2. Later change to gas port did not change designation |
M1E1 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; modified cam angle in op-rod |
M1E2 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; prismatic scope and mount |
M1E3 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; roller added to bolt's cam lug (later adapted for use in the M14) |
M1E4 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; gas cut-off and expansion system with piston integral to op-rod |
M1E5 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; 18-inch (457 mm) barrel and folding stock, for Airborne and Tank crewman use. |
M1E6 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; sniper variant |
M1E7/M1C | N/A | M1E6 Garand variant; M1C sniper variant with 2.2× magnification M73 scope (later modified as the M81, though the M82 or M84 scope could be used) in a Griffin & Howe mount affixed to the left side of the receiver requiring a leather cheek pad to properly position the shooter's face behind the offset scope[55] |
M1E8/M1D | N/A | M1E7 Garand variant; M1D sniper variant with M82 scope (though the M84 scope could be used) in a Springfield Armory mount attached to the rear of the barrel allowing quick removal of the scope but similarly requiring the leather cheek pad[55] |
M1E9 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; similar to M1E4, with piston separate from op-rod |
M1E10 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; variant with the Ljungman direct gas system |
M1E11 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; short-stroke Tappet gas system |
M1E12 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; gas impingement system |
M1E13 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; 'White' gas cut-off and expansion system |
M1E14 | Mk 2 Mod 0 | M1 Garand variant; rechambered in 7.62×51mm NATO with press-in chamber insert, enlarged gas port, and 7.62mm barrel bushing.[63] |
T20 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; select-fire conversion by John Garand, capable of using BAR magazines |
T20E1 | N/A | T20 variant; uses its own type of magazines |
T20E2 | N/A | T20 variant; E2 magazines will work in BAR, but not the reverse |
T20E2HB | N/A | T20E2 variant; HBAR (heavy barrel) variant |
T22 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; fully automatic select-fire conversion by Remington, magazine-fed |
T22E1 | N/A | T22 variant; unknown differences |
T22E2 | N/A | T22 variant; unknown differences |
T22E3HB | N/A | T22 variant; stock angled upwards to reduce muzzle climb; heavy barrel; uses T27 fire control |
T23 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; upward angled stock like T22E3HB; standard clip fed. |
T25 | N/A | T25 variant had a pistol grip: the stock angled upwards to reduce muzzle climb; and chambered for the new T65 .30 Light Rifle cartridge (7.62×49mm).[64] |
T26 | N/A | M1 Garand variant; 18-inch (457 mm) barrel and standard stock, for airborne and tank crewman use. |
T27 | N/A | Remington select-fire field conversion for M1 Garand; ability to convert issue M1 Garands to select-fire rifles; fire control setup used in T22E3 |
T31 | N/A | Experimental bullpup variant |
T35 | Mk 2 Mod 2 | M1 Garand variant; rechambered for 7.62×51mm NATO; While the majority used the standard en bloc clip, a small number were experimentally fitted with a 10-round internal magazine loaded by 5-round stripper clips. |
T36 | N/A | T20E2 variant; rechambered for 7.62×51mm NATO using T35 barrel and T25 magazine |
T37 | N/A | T36 variant; same as T36, except in gas port location |
T44 | N/A | T44 variant; was a conventional design developed on a shoestring budget as an alternative to the T47.[64] With only minimal funds available, the earliest T44 prototypes simply used T20E2 receivers fitted with magazine filler blocks and re-barreled for 7.62×51mm NATO, with the long operating rod/piston of the M1 replaced by the T47's gas cut-off system.[64] |
T47 | N/A | T47 variant; same as the T25, except for a conventional stock and chambered for 7.62×51mm NATO.[64] |
Nomenclature | National Stock Number | Description |
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Rifle, Inert, Caliber .30, M1 | 1005-00-599-3289 | Demilitarized and barrel plugged. US Air Force instructional use. |
Rifle, Training Aid, Caliber .30, M1 | 1005-01-061-2456 | Demilitarized and barrel plugged. Instructional use. |
Rifle, Dummy Drill, Caliber .30, M1 | 1005-01-113-3767 | Demilitarized. Barrel is unplugged but is welded to the receiver. ROTC instructional use. |
Rifle, Ceremonial, Caliber .30, M1 | 1005-01-095-0085 | Gas cylinder lock valve is removed and the gas system has welds permanently joining the lock and gas cylinder to prevent reversion. Barrel is unplugged but is welded to the receiver. The weapon has been converted from semi-automatic to a repeater and can only fire blanks. The bolt must be cycled to eject the spent cartridge case and reload a fresh round from the internal clip. Used by American Legion and Veterans of Foreign Wars honor guards for parading and firing ceremonial salutes. |
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